Mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions in grazing systems through nitrification inhibitors: a meta-analysis

Abstract Grasslands are the largest contributor of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions in agriculture sector due to livestock excreta and nitrogen fertilizers applied soil. Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) added N input have reduced O emissions, but can show a range efficiencies depending on climate, soil, management conditions. A meta-analysis study was conducted investigate factors that influence efficiency NIs fertilizer reducing focused grazing systems. Data from peer-reviewed studies comprising 2164 emission (EFs) inputs with without addition were compared. The EFs varied according source (0.0001–8.25%). Overall, EF by 56.6% (51.1–61.5%), no difference between NI types (Dicyandiamide—DCD; 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate—DMPP; Nitrapyrin) or (urine, dung, slurry, fertilizer). more efficient situations high compared low; reduction 66.0% when > 1.5% 51.9% ≤ 0.5%. DCD at rates 10 kg ha −1 . less urine lower content (≤ 7 g ). negatively correlated soil bulk density, positively moisture temperature. Better understanding optimize mitigation systems, e.g., mapping risk applying variable rate, contributing improved sustainability.